What Muscles Are Used in Climbing Ropes?

Rope climbing is a traditional exercise used by armed forces to prepare soldiers for climbing up and down from hovering helicopters and scaling tall buildings. Rope climbing has also become a mainstream conditioning exercise used by certain training groups like Cross Fit. Rope climbing effectively engages many of your body's muscles and is especially popular with mixed martial artists, judo players and rock climbers.

Fingers and Forearms

Climbing a rope requires strong hands and forearms. The flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor carpi radialis, flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus all work together to keep your fingers closed firmly around the rope. Although your fingers may strain as you grip the rope, your arms will be engaged and receive a challenging workout because the muscles used to grip the rope originate in your forearms.

Upper Arms

The muscles in your arms are essential for rope climbing and work in synergy to forcefully bend your elbow and help you climb. The biggest and strongest muscle is your biceps brachii, located at the front of your upper arm. In addition, the brachialis muscle beneath your biceps also exerts force on your elbow joint, as does the brachioradicalis muscle of the upper forearm. Rope climbing provides an effective workout for all of the muscles on the front of your upper arms.

Shoulders

The latisimus dorsi, lats for short, is the main muscle involved in pulling your body up the rope. Located on the sides of your back and attached to your humerus, these powerful muscles provide most of the shoulder movement responsible for heaving you up the rope. Although your lats are the primary muscles used to extend your shoulders, numerous other upper body muscles are also called upon to assist. For example, your lower trapezius muscles contract to hold your shoulders down as you pull yourself up the rope. In addition, your serratus anterior holds your scapula flat to your rib cage.

Muscles of the Lower Body

Although rope climbing is primarily an upper body activity, your legs are also used to help propel you up the rope. Proficient rope climbers will use their legs as much as possible to reduce the load on their weaker upper body muscles. This is especially important if you are climbing a rope while carrying heavy equipment-a common situation for armed forces personnel. The muscles of your inner thighs-adductor magnus, brevis and longus-squeeze your legs together to stop you from sliding down the rope as you move your hands up for the next pull. In conjunction with the pulling action of your arms, your gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles work to extend your hips to push you up the rope.